Discrimination and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 Essay Example for Free

Segregation and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 Essay The South was racially one-sided for quite a long time after the Civil War. The Southern states would make enactment to establish â€Å"Jim Crow† laws upon the dark network. Isolation was at its top in the United States and the dark network had been abused long enough. Adjusting to the isolated South just caused antagonistic vibe. The administration that perceived blacks as citizenry overlooked them. Truth be told, the administration that could shield the dark network from the brutality brought about by fear monger bunches was regularly individuals from the gatherings themselves. Defiance was the main and last alternative. All together for the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to be endorsed by Congress, the dark network expected to defy the â€Å"Jim Crow† laws of the South, the viciousness conjured by detest associations, just as (with help from white understudies) the frauds of the United States government. Jim Crow turned into a general term utilized in the South to allude to the isolation and segregation laws that influenced African-American life. The name started from â€Å"an 1832 tune called Jump Jim Crow by Thomas Rice† (Hillstrom 9). The melody may have been named after a slave that Rice knew or from the articulation â€Å"black as a crow†. The primary reason for Jim Crow laws was to isolate and disappoint the dark network. During the Jim Crow period, â€Å"various states passed laws that prohibited blacks from medical clinics, schools, parks, theaters, and restaurants† (Hillstrom 9). In all cases, the offices stamped coloredâ were discernibly mediocre compared to the whites. Numerous urban communities and states would sanction their own particular Jim Crow laws. A few laws, for example, blacks going across the road when a white lady, on a similar walkway, was strolling toward them or â€Å"maintaining a different structure, on isolated ground, for the affirmation, care, guidance, and backing of every visually impaired individual of shaded or dark race† (Bell 4) were ridiculous. In the mid year of 1955, a 14-year-old kid was fiercely beaten and slaughtered for purportedly whistling at a white lady. The spouse and brother by marriage of the lady were accused of homicide however were vindicated of all charges after just an hour of thought. In a meeting months after the fact, with insurance from the Constitutional statement of twofold peril, the two siblings transparently conceded, without regret, to debilitating and killing the kid. The speedy thought and quittance shocked the nation and assisted with stimulating the Civil Rights Movement. The Jim Crow laws were dynamically deteriorating for the dark network. Officials should have been dark, or abolitionists, all together for the laws to change. Defiance by method of the voting station was the appropriate response. In The United States, the law based procedure should permit voters an opportunity to address social treacheries. Residents inside the dark network ought to be able to cast a ballot dark competitors into office. Blacks could choose city chamber individuals, chairmen, judges, and even state delegates. In any case, in Mississippi the individuals in power, every one of whom were white, denied blacks the chance to cast a ballot. The white network accepted that if blacks accomplished the option to cast a ballot, they would make up the greater part. The dark lion's share would drive out the supremacist whites from force and change the social shameful acts. Mississippi Senator Eugene Bilbo expressed, â€Å"If you let a couple (blacks) register to cast a ballot this year, one year from now there will be twice the same number of, and the main thing you know, the entire thing will be out of hand† (Aretha 20). The dark network expected to cast a ballot so as to accomplish change. Without the option to cast a ballot, isolation and the disappointment of African-Americans would stop to change. The southern-white legislators made a confused framework to shield African-Americans from casting a ballot. â€Å"White nearby and state authorities methodicallly shielded blacks from casting a ballot through conventional strategies, for example, survey duties and proficiency tests† (Summer 1964). The proficiency test forestalled even taught African-Americans from accomplishing voter enlistment. The test expected voters to â€Å"read and decipher a segment of the state constitution to the â€Å"satisfactory† of the registrar† (Aretha 21). This permitted â€Å"white enlistment centers to choose whether or not an individual passed. Most blacks, even those with doctoral degrees, failed† (Cozzens 1). Dread was a consistent strategy for the supremacist south. Dark candidates â€Å"had to give, after swearing to tell the truth, data about their location, business, and relatives. This data would then be given to the candidates boss, the KKK, and other organizations† (Let Freedom Ring 149). Having the valiance to oppose society, by enlisting to cast a ballot, made numerous blacks dread reprisal from the KKK and their boss. In the post-Civil War time many white Southerners hated the progressions forced by the Union. In the years during Reconstruction, fear monger bunches jumped up everywhere throughout the south. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and the White Citizens Council, â€Å"the uptown Klan†, which was frequently comprised of sheriffs, specialists, legal advisors, and even city hall leaders, rapidly increase a huge number of individuals over the south. The KKK had four express strategies in their war against blacks, â€Å"First was cross consuming, second would be the consuming and dynamiting of houses and structures, third was whipping, and the Fourth was extermination† (Watson 143). In 1964, a solitary Mississippian district had â€Å"37 houses of worship and 30 dark homes and organizations were firebombed or consumed, and the cases regularly went unsolved† (Summer 1964). Loathe violations were getting progressively normal and amazingly severe all through the South. The dark network required and looked for change. After numerous long periods of mercilessness and scorn, numerous blacks accepted they were substandard compared to whites. To battle the inadequacy thought, Bob Moses made â€Å"Freedom Schools† and public venues open to the dark network. â€Å"The public venues would offer offices constrained by the Jim Crow framework: libraries, expressions and specialties, childcare, and proficiency classes† (Burner 124). Opportunity Schools showed understudies African-American history and recent developments. Moses saw the Freedom Schools â€Å"as a chance to instruct the â€Å"politics of Mississippi† and start to assemble a center of taught administration in the state† (Burner 124). Individuals from SNCC and CORE accepted that insubordination was a need, and revolting with peaceful strategies would permit the country to see the abominations dispensed in the south. So as to pick up energy, the dark network required help from the central government and the national media. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) went to the bleeding edge for change. In 1961, seven blacks and six whites tried the government law, which required the integration on interstate travel. Called the Freedom Riders, thirteen individuals â€Å"rode transports into the south, brave the national government to authorize the law. The Freedom Riders were captured in North Carolina, beaten by hordes in South Carolina, and saw their transports fire bombarded in Alabama† (Watson 24). The thirteen men rode into the south with whites sitting in the rear of the transport, the blacks in the front, and would utilize indistinguishable offices at transport stations from expressed by government law. James Farmer, one of the thirteen riders and the executive of CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) expressed, â€Å"We felt we could depend on the racists of the South to make an emergency with the goal that the government would be constrained to implement the law† (Cozzens 1). The defiance of the thirteen courageous men to ride into the south made the national media consideration the extremist frantically required. The national media began to show the nation how double-dealing the United States had become. Men of numerous races battled for their nation in a period of war, yet returned home to a nation that was at war inside itself. In the mid 1960’s, the dark network revolting for equivalent rights started to catch the consideration of Americans the nation over. 1964, a presidential political decision year, was a critical chance to revolt for the African-American option to cast a ballot. For ages the south held a predominant Democratic Party. Opposing the shameful acts set by the â€Å"whites-only† Democratic Party must be changed by utilization of the voting booth. Sway Moses, an individual from SNCC, chose to send volunteers into Mississippi to enlist voters. The voter enrollment drive came to be known as â€Å"Freedom Summer†. Bounce Moses delineated the objectives of Freedom Summer as to expand dark voter enlistment and to sort out a legitimately comprised â€Å"Freedom Democratic Party† to contend with the whites-just Democratic Party. Moses taught initiates, â€Å"Don’t come to Mississippi this mid year to spare the Mississippi Negro. Possibly come on the off chance that you see, truly comprehend, that his opportunity and yours are one† (Aretha 41). To accomplish the consideration of the national media, Moses and different individuals from SNCC chose to enlist white undergrads from the north. â€Å"Violence against Northern Whites would at any rate get Mississippi on the daily news† (Rachall 173). Offspring of the predominant social class, defying their folks and the acknowledged society of the south, in truth pulled in national consideration. Moses expressed, â€Å"These understudies carry the remainder of the nation with them. They are from acceptable schools and their folks are compelling. The enthusiasm of the nation is stirred and when that occurs, the administration responds† (Aretha 30). Defying the affectations of their country, their folks, and even society, white understudies stopped by the hundreds to chip in for â€Å"Freedom Summer†. Volunteers went to Oxford, Ohio, as of now the grounds of Miam

Problems with real estate career during the recession Research Paper

Issues with land vocation during the downturn - Research Paper Example ..11 Works Cited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 Executive Summery Real bequest advertise is among the most unique market ever. In spite of the way that the market isn't unreasonably huge, numerous procedures need to run effectively. Numerous financial issues just as legitimate issues that make activity in it not that simple sticky situation this market. Putting resources into land is just gainful when the financial holes are high, yet very testing in low monetary seasons. Working n land doesn't offers challenges to the speculators just, yet in addition to their selling specialists. Merchants regularly win abundantly in top seasons in spite of somewhere in the range of not many difficulties they experience during their advertising. In any case, in downturn times a great deal of hazard with little fulfillment is the thing that they experience in th e activity. There are a few difficulties that they meet in their activity, including the way that this segment is tremendously commanded among scarcely any purchasers at the downturn times. This makes a firm serious condition that debilitates their flourishing. Showcasing land items present trouble because of the exclusive standard from the venders from the specialists. Regardless of the monetary falls, venders despite everything hope to get extraordinary costs for their items that become unachievable by the operators. Developing patterns in the land, for example, for example, Mortgage Assistance Relief, MID and QRM makes changes in the intermediaries workplace. This powers the specialists to acclimate to the running word related changes that ordinarily are difficult. During financial shortage advancing framework are highly diminished that lone a couple of customers are accessible in the market. The specialists thus discover no market for their administrations in the market. In such cases by and large wins next to no to help them. In light of these difficulties, working in this vocation is ordinarily extremely hard, and relief measures are important to ensure this business segment. A few suggestions enveloping lawful perspective, showcase assurance, money related security, expansion, mechanical adjustment and collaboration have been proposed for execution to see these gatherings succeed and make the most of their vocation. This proposition was made after a thorough examination and study in the field. Presentation For some years, the lives of realtors have been deplorable, particularly during downturns. Because of this, the representatives sent their supplications to the service of work in the late 2007, after the beginning of 2007 and 2009 downturn. This was taken as a proper minutes since studies could uncover circumstances of the land representatives from the beginning to the furthest limit of financial tough situations. The Ministry thus sent a gathering of specialists to consider the issue and suggest as proper. This report was introduced to me, an agent and the secretary of the land expedites in the Washington. Also, the report was postponed before the delegates of realtors, land speculators and agents from government strategy creators and organizers. This was completed in a two days workshop in Washington. The report was focused on

Counselling Practice Essay Example

Directing Practice Essay Example Directing Practice Paper Directing Practice Paper Horton, I. (2006). The SAGE Handbook of Counseling and Psychotherapy. London: SAGE Publications. Inskipp, F. (2006). Helpful abilities and clinical practice. In C. Feltham, I. Horton, The Sage Handbook of directing and psychotherapy (pp. 84 85). London: Sage. Patterson, C. (1985). The helpful relationship. Monterey California: Brooks/Cole. Perls, F. (1969). Gestalt treatment verbatim. Californiania: Real People Press. Solid, S. , Claiborne, C. (1982). Changes through communication: Social mental procedures of guiding and psychotherapy. New York: Wiley.

Japanese Canadian Internment free essay sample

The Japanese Canadian internment was the constrained evacuation of in excess of 22,000 Japanese Canadians during the Second World War by the legislature of Canada. Following the December 7, 1941 assault on Pearl Harbor, conspicuous British Columbians, including individuals from civil government workplaces, nearby papers and organizations required the internment of the Japanese. In British Columbia, there were fears that some Japanese who worked in the angling business were graphing the coastline for the Japanese naval force, going about as spies on Canadas military. Military and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) specialists felt the publics fears were unjustifiable, yet the popular feeling immediately pushed the administration to act. [1] Canadian Pacific Railway terminated all the Japanese laborers, and most other Canadian organizations did likewise. [1] Japanese fish pontoons were first limited to port, and in the end, the Canadian naval force held onto 1,200 of these vessels. [1] Many pontoons were harmed, and more than one hundred sank. 2] A Royal Canadian Navy official inquiries Japanese-Canadian anglers while seizing their pontoon. We will compose a custom exposition test on Japanese Canadian Internment or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In January 1942, a secured 100-mile (160 km) wide strip up the Pacific coast was made, and any men of Japanese drop between the ages of 18 and 45 were evacuated and taken to street camps in the British Columbian inside, to sugar beet extends on the Prairies, or to internment in a POW camp in Ontario. In spite of the 100-mile isolate, a couple of men at the McGillivray Falls, simply outside the isolate zone, were utilized at a logging activity at Devine, close to DArcy, British Columbia, which is inside the isolate zone, while those in the other Lillooet Country discovered work with ranches, stores, and the railroad. [3]. Tashme, on Highway 3 only east of Hope, among the most infamous of the camps for brutal conditions, was only outside of the rejection zone. All others, including Slocan, were in the Kootenay Country in southeastern British Columbia. 4] Most of the 21,500 individuals of Japanese drop who lived in British Columbia were naturalized or local conceived residents. [1] Those reluctant to live in internment camps or movement focuses confronted the chance of expelling to Japan. On February 24, 1942 an Order-in-Council went under the War Measures Act enabling the government to understudy all people of Japanese racial starting point. [5] toward the beginning of March, all e thnic Japanese individuals were requested out of the ensured region, and a daytime-just check in time was forced on them. Some f those brought inland were kept in creature slows down for the Pacific National Exhibition at Hastings Park, in Vancouver for a considerable length of time. [1] They were then moved to ten camps in or close to inland British Columbia towns, at times isolating spouses from their wives and families. [1] However, four of those camps in the Lillooet territory and another at Christina Lake were officially self-supporting activities (likewise called migration places) which housed chosen center and high society families and others not regarded as much a danger to open security. 6][7][8] Officially, those living in migration camps were not legitimately interned they could leave, insofar as they had authorization be that as it may, they were not lawfully permitted to work or go to class outside the camps. [2] Since most of Japanese Canadians had little property besi de their (reallocated) houses, these limitations left most with no chance to get by outside the camps. [2] Some of the interned residents had been battle veterans of the Canadian Expeditionary Force, including a few men who had been enriched for boldness during the battling on the Western Front in the First World War. While bigotry had been a hindrance in certain units between 1914-18, different units (prominently the tenth Battalion) acknowledged sizeable quantities of ethnic Japanese Canadians without legitimate bias and utilized them in a battle job as individual substitutions. Little quantities of military age Japanese-Canadians were later allowed to serve in the Canadian Army in the Second World War, as mediators and in signal/insight units. Property appropriation In 1943, the Canadian Custodian of Aliens started to sell the assets of Japanese Canadians without the proprietors consent. The Custodian of Aliens held sales for these things, running from ranch land and houses to people groups dress. They were sold rapidly at costs underneath advertise esteem. [10] Funds raised went towards the expenses of real estate agents and salespeople, and capacity/taking care of charges, and Japanese proprietors infrequently got a lot of pay from the deals. [2] Unlike authority detainees of war who, as per Geneva Convention, didnt need to pay their everyday costs, Japanese internees did. [10] By examination, Japanese American internees, ensured by the Bill of Rights were less inclined to lose property. [2] UNEF The principal United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) was set up by United Nations General Assembly to protect a conclusion to the 1956 Suez Crisis with goals 1001 (ES-I) on November 7, 1956, and in huge measure because of endeavors by UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold and a proposition from Canadian priest of outside undertakings Lester Pearson. The principal UN military power of its sort, its crucial to: enter An egyptian area with the assent of the Egyptian Government, so as to help keep up calm during and after the withdrawal of non-Egyptian powers and to protect consistence with different terms built up in the goals o spread a region expanding generally from the Suez Canal to the Armistice Demarcation Lines set up in the Armistice Agreement among Egypt and Israel. Since the employable UN goals were not passed under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the sending of a military power must be endorsed by Egypt. After multilateral exchanges with Egypt ten nations offered to add to the power: Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, India, Indonesia, Norway, Sweden, and Yugoslavia. Backing was likewise given by United States, Italy, and Switzerland. The primary powers showed up in Cairo on November 15, and UNEF was at its full power of 6,000 by February 1957. The power was completely conveyed in assigned zones around the trench, in the Sinai and Gaza when Israel pulled back its keep going powers from Rafah on March 8, 1957. The UN secretary general looked to station UNEF powers on the Israeli side of the 1949 cease-fire lines, however this was dismissed by Israel. [1] The strategic coordinated to achieve its crucial four stages: 1. In November and December 1956, the power encouraged the methodical change in the Suez Canal zone when British and French powers left. . From December 1956 to March 1957, the power encouraged the detachment of Israeli and Egyptian powers and the Israeli departure from all regions caught during the war, with the exception of Gaza and Sharm-el-Sheik. 3. In March 1957, the power encouraged the flight of Israeli powers from Gaza and Sharm-el-Sheik. 4. Sending along the fringes for reasons for perception. T his stage finished in May of 1967. Because of budgetary imperatives and evolving needs, the power shrank during that time to 3,378 when its crucial in May 1967.

ray charles Essays - African-American Music, Radio Formats

Beam Charles Robinson (September 23, 1930 ? June 10, 2004), better known by his abbreviated stage name Ray Charles, was an American performer. Beam was a pioneer in the class of soul music during the 1950s by intertwining musicality and blues, gospel, and blues styles into his initial chronicles with Atlantic Records.[1][2][3] He likewise helped racially incorporate nation and popular music during the 1960s with his hybrid accomplishment on ABC Records, most quite with his Modern Sounds albums.[4][5][6] While with ABC, Charles got one of the principal African-American artists to be given aesthetic control by a standard record company.[2] Drifter positioned Charles number 10 on their rundown of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time in 2004,[7] and number two on their November 2008 rundown of 100 Greatest Singers of All Time.[8] In respecting Charles, Billy Joel noticed: This may seem like heresy, yet I think Ray Charles was a higher priority than Elvis Presley. I don't have the foggiest idea whether Ray was the planner of rock and roll, however he was unquestionably the main person to do a great deal of things . . . Who the damnation at any point set up such a significant number of styles and made it work?

Know Money, Win Money! Chicago Chocolate and Wine Expo (Part I)

Know Money, Win Money! Chicago Chocolate and Wine Expo (Part I) Know Money, Win Money! Chicago Chocolate and Wine Expo (Part I) Know Money, Win Money! Chicago Chocolate and Wine Expo (Part I)Have you got a sweet tooth and/or like to drink wine? Well then have we got a couple of Know Money, Win Money episodes for you! We went to the Chicago Chocolate and Wine Expo, but with everything the  vendors there were offering, it could have been called the Chocolate and Wine and Coffee and Tea and Caramel and Jerky Expo!But for this first video, we focused on the chocolate side. Did you know that cocoa beans were used as currency in Mesoamerica? Long before they were ever brought back to Europe to be transmogrified into chocolate bars, the Mayans and Aztecs created a version of the drink we would call hot cocoa. Emperor Montezuma was such a fan, it was rumored to be all he would drink, and his favorite version was spiced with vanilla, honey, and chili pepper.But what other facts about chocolate might exist? Watch the most recent episode and find out!?Do you know which country eats the most chocolate per capita? Some of the people we asked at the expo did. And some didn’t! While we Americans might love our Hershey Kisses, British blokes and ladies can’t get enough of their Cadbury Eggs, and Uter the German exchange student from The Simpsons can barely run because he’s so full of chocolate, none of the above are the correct answer. It’s Switzerland! Which makes sense. If you’re known for your banks and your chocolates, you’re going to eat a lot of the one that’s edible.Our next question asked what the biggest chocolate company in the world is. Hershey’s probably jumps to mind. Maybe Cadbury does too. It probably helps that we mentioned both of them in the previous paragraph. What about Nestle? No, not Nestle. It’s Mars! Even if you haven’t eaten a Milky Way in a while, MMs are more popular than everâ€"if their Super Bowl ad appearances are any indication. And since Mars makes MMs, that makes them the biggest chocolate company in the world.Now brush your teeth. Know Money, Win Mo ney will be back with the wine part of the expo before  you can empty your glass!In the meantime, check out some of our other recent episodes:Episode 19:  C2E2 Avengers: Infinity WarEpisode 18: Chicago Auto Show (Part 2)Episode 17: Winter Brewfest (Part 2)Where would you like to see us go in future episodes? We want to hear from you! You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.

Can Money Buy You Happiness - Free Essay Example

Before the debates, lets define what is happiness in general. This question is philosophical, but I tried to simplify it. Merriam-Webster dictionary defines happiness as good fortune; a state of well-being and contentment, pleasurable or satisfying experience. Can money buy happiness? Theres no definite answer, but we all know, the way you spend your money can affect your happiness. You even can learn how to spend it to become happier and happier. Understanding of happiness can vary depending on an individual. Someone can say, I absolutely dont need a nice house to be happy. And maybe he even doesnt lie. No one saying, that you can simply go to the store and buy happiness, but these two concepts are consistent. You can solve nearly any problem with money. Everything can be bought and sold. The only question is price. But it works in condition when effort of earning money is less than joy of spending them. Good example of how money can make us happier is to give us time. Have you ever thought of when someone mows your lawn or cleaning your house, that youre buying their time? Meanwhile, you free to do what you really want to, without burdening yourself with thought of what to eat tomorrow. You can travel around the world and get educated, change the world. This is happiness. Lack of money makes you think about more pressing issues. Each person needs to determine its course. Need to decide exactly how much money will make you happy, because you can easily waste your happiness while making a big buck. But the best option of all is find the way of earning with pleasure. Do something that brings you a joy, Choose a job you love and you will never have to work a day in your life. Also, money availability is the way of self-expression and self-affirmation in front of the family or society. Most people call that happiness. Sometimes we can be sad, and the best choice get distracted is spending money for fun. Moments after, it is comfortable again. Shopping is the best cure for stress (at least for women). In the same time, food improves mood, and alcohol can increase it too, even watching a good movie at the cinema can cause a feeling of happiness. You can say these are all s mall things. But arent its small things our life composed from? One well known Chinese proverb says, With money you can buy a house, but not a home. With money you can buy a clock, but not time. With money you can buy a bed, but not sleep. With money you can buy a book, but not knowledge. With money you can buy a doctor, but not health. With money you can buy sex, but not love and so on. Now lets look closer. With money you can buy a clock, but not time. Money gives the opportunity to extend our lives by using advanced technology in medicine. You can afford the best doctors, expensive surgeries, nurses, treatment abroad. If you watch TV or listen to the radio, you will discover a lot of ads asking for financial help. People are dying, because of lack of money for treatment. Besides, rich people have much more opportunities to prevent the disease development. Therefore, they feel much better. The elderly people from Europe and America are traveling in their 70s; they are active and cheerful. And if you could just see the retirees from Russia or Ukraine At the same age, if they lucky to live that long, theyre broken by hard life, and getting to the bench beside the building is a challenge. Why is so? The answer is obvious. The first group of people lived their life in normal conditions. They had good food, decent health care, they never had a choice between getting medicine for high blood p ressure or a jar of stew for dinner. And the second group could not afford anything from listed above. Result of this affects their health. Way proving it is a simple statistic of lifespan. Except for a few Islands, where favorable climate and good food are available. The length of life in 3d world countries is much shorter than in developed ones. With money you can buy a bed, but not sleep. But without a bed you wont have a good sleep neither. With money you can buy a book, but not knowledge. I agree, that you can buy education without outstanding intellectual abilities. But are they really that needed if you have big money or right connections? I want to provide an example in Ukrainian politics. The mayor of a Kiev, capital of Ukraine, is a former professional boxer Vitali Klitschko. He has been a very talented in sport but had no proper knowledge or experience in politics. After boxing career had been over, he bought a masters degree in the specialty Management of social development and became a mayor. Over the past few years, position trading has become commonplace in many governm ent agencies. With money you can buy a doctor, but not health. Disagree. A good doctor can significantly improve your health. With money you can buy sex, but not love. Indeed, love cannot be purchased. But would you look at those elderly millionaires walking along with beautiful young ladies beside them, who are often their wives. Its absolutely clear to me, that the guy is very happy. The girl, in this case, is far from suffering too. Because she has material goods coming from this person she doesnt love. And this is her happiness. Everything has price. I want to share a private story with you. I lived a hungry life myself. In early childhood, my family of four was huddle in a small dorm room. We shared toilet, kitchen and sinks with other 80 families. An original plan was to stay in those condition for only two years. After that we would be entitled for free housing. That was a life in the Soviet Union. But in 1991 something went wrong, and we found ourselves in independent Ukraine for overnight. New government wasnt distributing free houses, so we end up living in old place for 11 years instead of 2. With production cessation and factories shutdown, our finances got very short. Many people started to steel. And we started starving. Most of the time we survived on soup, which contained some vegetables in plain water. For the school I used to have only two outfits â€Å" one for every day and another one for holidays. I wore the same clothes for countless years. Every year or so my mother sewed an extra piece of fabric or lace on my skirt or blouse to make them longer. Surprisingly, I havent been bullied at school for my look, because many kids were in the same conditions as we are. The only discomfort I had in school is with my stomach â€Å" it wouldnt stop bubbling and make embarrassing noise due to hunger. By the age of 10, I was close to ga stric ulcer condition. Back in that times, the healthcare was still free, so my parents could take care of me. Otherwise, I could be in different place right now. And back then if someone tries to prove us that money has nothing with happiness, we would laugh with sad tears at that person. Money makes it easier to solve all the pressing issues, but what I can agree is that they cant resurrect the loved ones or buy you a talent. If you find yourself in a desert with a suitcase full of money, it will no longer bring a happiness, will become unnecessary and heavy burden. Of course, rich guy can be both happy and unhappy. When the poor is always unhappy. Thats the way we are. In order to feel comfortable, we need food, shelter and confidence in the future. And money gives all of it. How can a woman be happy if she doesnt know what she is feeding her kids tomorrow? How can be man happy in his, lets say, 40s, when he forced to live with his parents because he cant afford to rent his own place? All those talks that we need to think about not just money, but about eternal values, are appropriate only is the money already earned. If the man has nothing to eat, then he is not in mood for the literature and painting. He will try to earn his living by all means â€Å" by killing, stealing, robbing. And he wont care if thats immoral. Love, morality, kindness â€Å" all this comes only on a full stomach. Its a law of nature. Thats why wealthy people tend to be more generous and tolerant. They simply can afford it. Of course, the needs are growing constantly. But if you are short on a private yacht, then you are much happier that the one who cant buy winter boots. According to a new research, published in the National Academy of Sciences, it doesnt matter if you are rich or poor. If you dont have enough time you can increase your enjoyment of life by exchanging money for minutes, which can be used the way you want. Researchers, led by Professor Ashley Whillans, the Professor at Harvard business school, began with participation of about 4,500 people in United States, Canada, Denmark and the Netherlands. Participants were asked whether they pay other people for doing unpleasant daily shores to increase the number of a free time. In 28% of cases the answer was positive. Those who answered yes, spent on average 147,95 dollars a month to buy extra time. Also, they felt more pleasant emotions (such as joy and enthusiasm) and less negative emotions (such as rage, fear and nervousness) that week when they have bought themselves a time. Money provide many of those things that can make you happy, including peace of mind, feeling of success and freedom to live your life the way you want. To this conclusion for another research at Boston Private after conducting a survey of The Why Of Wealth, with 300 participants with financial status of $1 million to $20 millions. When respondents were asked what word wealth means to them, 54% answered that this is happiness, and 65% peace. On a question what the money allows them to do, 70% said that it allows them to feel financial independence and freedo m. A half of respondents spoke that it makes their family life happier, and 44% money is giving them a chance to travel more. For some people wealth means the opportunity to be your own boss. It happened with Tom Aley, the businessman, whose income allowed him to leave a high-paying job and start his own business. Sometimes, it doesnt always work out, but for me, its invaluable, he said. It also means I can go to lunch with my wife and it doesnt have to be confined to a Saturday, and I can see my kids games. Aley told The New York Times. Each of us has a dream. Name it and think, can it come true without money? Can it be done without a single dollar? Modern world has reached the point when you can go to the space. And yes, without special training. Space tourism is gaining steam now. Similar was impossible when meat was traded for grain and hay on pearls. All you need here is money, a lot of them. So, if youre the one who can experience happiness only when the body will be in Earth s orbit, then money can make you happy. Theres another way â€Å" to devote your life to astronautics, but its more difficult. There are fewer astronauts than dollar millionaires. Money is not a happiness. Its the steps those lead to it.

Graduation Speech My Goals - 855 Words

As I was indisposed on the day that we wrote up our goals for the semester, due to my car accident, I did not write up my goals in class. However, I thought of some goals that I would like to fulfill in the interim period, those goals would be to get at least a â€Å"B† in all my classes, manage my time so I do not burn myself out on homework, and get enough sleep during the week. Firstly, although I would like to make it on the Dean’s List this semester, there is a very possibility that I will not make it on due to academically rough areas in Math 110 and, to a lesser extent, Astronomy 100. With that being said, I would be more than happy to achieve a â€Å"B† or better in those classes as math and science have never been my strongest subjects, and I am not worried about my other classes as I know them fairly well and am confident in my abilities to do well in them. Secondly, I would like to manage my time more effectively so that I do not get ground down mental ly by the amount of homework that is sure to pile up over the course of the semester. I have found that it is much easier to split my workload up into smaller chunks and tackle those, day-by-day-, as opposed to trying to cram a lot of homework into a single day – which is mentally taxing and a fair bit annoying as well. Finally, as rest is very important – both during the course of the school semester and when school is not going on – I would like to get enough this course so that I can focus on my classes each day withoutShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : My Goals966 Words   |  4 PagesThe goals I set at the being of the term pushed me to do better in this class along with my other classes. My goals were to procrastinate less, express my opinion/answer questions in class, learn more about child psychopathology and enjoy this class. During the second half of this class I have been better at reaching my goals. These goals have pushed me to be a better student. I have always been a procrastinator, but I have recently found a solution that is currently working for my procrastinationRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Goals888 Words   |  4 PagesI had drive and that helped me realize my goals early on in my education. I always dreamed of college and what it would be like. With the chance I could have followed in my older siblings and drop out of highschool I pushed through it to prove to my two younger siblings that bettering yourself is possible. Not only did I graduate from high school on time but I graduated with honors. I am the recipient of the McCoy Medal of Honor for being in the top 20% of my junior class but I was also a member ofRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Goals1600 Words   |  7 Pagesam the type of person that will be able to see my goals through, but I must be one hundred percent mentally committed to the goal for the journey to be a success. This has always been true for m e no matter what type of goal I’m trying to achieve. If I’m not one hundred percent in than I might as well not be in at all. While having this quality is an asset, trying to get to the point where I’m all in is a little tricky. I share this insight so that my academic trail will make complete sense. A fewRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Goals1054 Words   |  5 Pagescompleting this journal, I realized that my well being is reflected upon my occupations. Just a year ago, I recall how I spent majority of my time studying to get that 4.0 GPA for medical school. To obtain that goal, I did not engage in any creative or fun occupations that would make me smile. The only thing on my mind was to study from morning to midnight. That whole year, I was miserable as I failed to accomplish my goal. To make matter worse, my grandparents passed away, adding more stressRead MoreGraduation Speech : My Goals997 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout my academic life, my teachers and peers have repeatedly told me to challenge myself. I chose to ignore that advice and take the easy route. I did not find any reason to challenge myself in school. My parents never attended college, so why should I? Just the thought of being able to afford a fancy college was out of the question. In hopes of having a laid back time through high school, I took the easiest classes offered. However, I still focused in my classes and completed my work on timeRead MoreGraduation Speech : Achieving My Goals930 Words   |  4 Pagesachieving my goals. With short timing, I managed to maintain my pace, to overcome many obstacles. Have my mind on the big picture towards the long run. I’ve been avoiding distractions so I can become successful through my courses in college. I’ve come to learn from varies mistakes that others have encountered along the road such as dropping out along the way. Improving my study habits made me realized how important education can come to be. Having the dedication, and willingness to keep my eyes onRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Is A Huge Goal For My Life2012 Words   |  9 Pagesoddly proportioned, junior-high student-athlete that always told myself my only real job would be to find a rich husband that would take me on tropical vacati ons each year and never have to work a day in my life. When teachers often asked us what we wanted to be I was quickest to have an answer, â€Å"a trophy wife† is what I would shamelessly say. As soon as that phase paced, I knew I had to start seeking and setting some realistic goals for myself but wasn’t sure how to start. I knew I needed to go to collegeRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Maya Angelou s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings 1036 Words   |  5 Pages9 April 2015 Rhetorical Analysis on â€Å"Graduation† by Maya Angelou In Graduation, a chapter in her autobiography â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings†, Maya Angelou talks vividly about her middle school graduation in the segregated South. Graduation is an important milestone in most people’s life, as they get a degree and move on to their next level, something better and more important, with the hope that they can use their new knowledge to achieve their life goals and ambitions. This is what the all blackRead MoreThe Importance Of Becoming A Great Communicator881 Words   |  4 PagesCommencement Speech in Tulane University, Ellen showed all these qualities of becoming a great communicator. From the beginning to end of the Commencement Speech, Ellen did not take her eyes off the audience. All throughout the speech, she would look from right to left making sure everyone is attentive. Although she was behind the podium, she would switch her views from right side to left side and sometimes look behind her to the ones sitting on stage behind her. Through the speech, she would useRead Moremaya Angelou Graduation1259 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿09/19/2014 Maya Angelou - Graduation Graduation is an important transition time in every person’s life. It is about moving on to something better and more important and to use your knowledge to achieve life goals. This is what the children attending the grammar school believed as well, including Maya Angelou. Given from her point of view, the story Graduation has ethos because as an African American girl, she shared the same thoughts and feelings as everyone standing on the stage or in

Some Of The Most Exciting Sports - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 538 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Soccer Essay Did you like this example? Soccer and football are some of the most exciting sports in the world today. At most schools football and soccer are both played in the fall. The fields on what football and soccer are played on are somewhat same. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Some Of The Most Exciting Sports" essay for you Create order Both football and soccer are performed on a large field with synthetic or natural grass. The difference between football and soccer is that soccer has shorter goal poles at either end of the playing field while football has two tall goal poles at either end of the playing field. The equipment for soccer and football are entirely different. On the one hand, the ball used in football is pointy at each end and is solid brown. On the other side, the ball used for soccer is a sphere with black and white spots, on most. Unlike football, soccer is played in a lot of places, including the open fields, busy streets, and in deserted roads. The term soccer is commonly used in the United States. However, soccer is commonly referred to as football outside the US. Soccer was first played in Great Britain during the industrial revolution as a way of entertaining people. Both Australia and Scotland played a critical role in helping soccer become popular by creating a broad range of leagues for interested players. A soccer team has eleven players that include a goalkeeper, defenders, midfielders, and strikers. Other common words for describing positions are overlapping defenders, left back, central defenders, or left wing, to mention but a few. The rules for playing soccer and football share some differences and similarities. A soccer match has its own rules that are distinct from other sports. The goalkeeper is the only player that is allowed to touch the ball with his or her body parts, including hands and legs. The rest of the players are not permitted to handle the ball with their hands. One difference between football and soccer is that football players can use both legs and hand while playing while soccer players can only use their heads and feet to get the ball in the net.The defensive players and strikers do not play similarly in both sports. In soccer, both defensive and offensive players are on the playing field together while in football, the game stops and invariably start so that defensive and offensive players can switch up. Both football and soccer have coaches who teach players a broad range of tactics on how to win the match. The coaches are also referred to as managers. They are also tasked with the responsibility of deciding which player to play. The field designed for soccer players usually is 60-100 meters in width and 110-130 meters in length. There are many soccer competitions throughout the world. Some of the famous competition include World Cup, Champions League, FA Cup, and Europa League. The winning team in each completion is always given a prize. It is evident that football and soccer are exciting sports. The objective of both football and soccer is to score goals and win the game. However, given the chance to choose from the two sports, soccer is my favorite. Works Cited https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_football

Impact Of Protection Of Designer Products - 3018 Words

GLOBALIZATION AND GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP- TRIMESTER A PRESENTED BY: PRAKRITI CHOPRA PCHOPR201@caledonian.ac.uk IMPACT OF PROTECTION OF DESIGNER PRODUCTS RECEIVED BY ONLINE RETAILERS IN UK AND INDIA Abstract (optional): a 300-400 words summary of the paper IMPACT OF PROTECTION OF SMALL-SCALE DESIGNER PRODUCTS/ CUSTOMIZED PRODUCTS RECEIVED BY ONLINE RETAILERS IN UK AND INDIA †¢ Introduction Online shopping has now become one of the most popular ways of shopping globally. It saves time of going to a store and purchasing a particular product. Further such online retailers even offer various deals on the same products that one does not find in-store, so it helps save money on the some product. This online†¦show more content†¦However, this research basically focuses on the impact of protection of small-scale designer products received by online retailers in UK and India. The significance of designs is extensively acknowledged and recognised in the present UK economy. India has also been a member of World Trade Organisation (WTO) since 1995; and all the signatory nations to WTO are bound to include some IP protection in their national laws. Further, since the Indian Constitution is borrowed from the UK constitution, there are similarities in the laws of both the countries. This indicates that any country doing business with India will find similarities between the local IP laws and enforcement procedures, and those in force in the UK. (IPO, 2013) In this research the author gives a brief overview of the design rights available to a design company in the UK and India, analysis of those rights and enforcement procedures. †¢ Background Intellectual property (IP) rights -In India One of the crucial factors in the Indian legal system is to register and enforce intellectual property rights. To enjoy the IP rights it is a must to register them. In India when an individual or company wants to patent a product they should individually register. Apart from the industrial designs the individual or company can apply under the terms of the Patent Cooperation Treaty, which is usually

I Am Applying For Michigan University s Phd Program

I am applying for Michigan University’s PhD program in political science, with a focus on international relations and formal models. One of my research interests lies in the puzzle of war, namely why war occurs and reoccurs despite of its inefficiency. â€Å"War occurs because there is nothing to prevent it†¦ In the absence of a supreme authority there is then the constant possibility that conflicts will be settled by force.† Representing the view of many political scientists who study the origins of war, Kenneth Waltz s Man, the State, and War impugns the occurrence of war to the nature of interstate anarchy. It was not until I took a PhD-level seminar of formal models of international relations with Professor Andrew Kydd at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and immersed myself with works of Fearon, Powell, and Lake, among many others, did I come to realize that the anarchy explanation for war, though intuitive and compelling to some extend, is largely insuffici ent. Why does the lack of central authority prevent states from bargaining and reaching a settlement that would avoid the costly war? Using game theory and formal models, rationalism argues that private information and the incentives to misrepresent, commitment problem, issue indivisibilities and so on are responsible for the breakdown of bargaining and the occurrence of war. In my paper for the seminar of formal models, I conducted a game-theoretical analysis of the strategic interactions between US, China, and TaiwanShow MoreRelatedIntroducing A Mentoring Program At Rutgers For College Graduates Joining The Workforce2138 Words   |  9 PagesRe: Introducing a mentoring program at Rutgers for college graduates joining the workforce Dear Dr. Siederer, Rutgers University offers a number of career services to assist students who are beginning their next steps after graduation including career fairs and a new career development model which focuses mainly on career interests. 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Nursing Laws and Ethics Free Essays

As nursing profession continuously progresses in its quest for excellence, its nature becomes complex in the light of meeting the standards set forth by the implementing bodies in nursing profession. These standards are indeed the result of careful assessment and observation made to resolve the never ending issues and concerns pertaining to the legal responsibilities and ethical obligations of nurses. Many of these include the duty to interpret and carry out orders, duty to monitor the patient, delegation of authority, consent to medical and surgical procedures, confidentiality of medical records, negligence and others. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Laws and Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now But among the issues and concerns aforementioned, one of the most controversial issues which caught my attention is â€Å"Malpractice†. Sometimes, nurses, for some personal reason, go beyond their boundaries and exceed the scope of nursing practice they are ought to observe at all times. In abroad, there have been numerous reported incidents wherein Filipino nurses who happened to be medical doctors here in the Philippines were charged of malpractice and was deported back here for attempting to save a dying patient in the absence of the medical doctor in-charge. Legally speaking, what they did was a â€Å"breach of duty† and basically, they should have been subjected to corresponding sanction. However, as far as nurses’ sworn duty is concerned, it’s also their responsibility to save and protect life at all cost. I understand that, doing the job beyond their legal limitations was hard for them. But because Filipino nurses are typically compassionate, they have set aside the thought of facing consequences of their actions and didn’t think twice when they saw the imminent danger to the patient’s life, considering their knowledge and experience in critical situations as doctors. It is quite paradoxical in nature, to which side they are to choose in the midst of ethical dilemmas like that. In the code of nurses developed by the American Nurses Association, there is no way they condone ethically passive behaviour. But being passive will mean two things at the same time. First, being passive and adherent to the scope of their jobs will mean being firm in their chosen profession and avoid legal responsibilities on their part. Secondly, it will mean depriving them of their own wisdom and freewill to do the right thing and do nothing as if they can’t do anything in the midst of life-threatening situation. As for me, we are all trained and equipped with ethical principles and laws just to guide us in making the right decision for the good of all. But no one can really tell us what exactly to do or which way to go. It is always, our wisdom, wise thinking and judicious assessment of the situation that would lead us to make the correct decision. How to cite Nursing Laws and Ethics, Essays

Cloud Based Electronic Health Records System Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Cloud Based Electronic Health Records System. Answer: Introduction. Amongst the greatest achievements of technology in the medical field is the use of a computer in the keeping of patients' records (DesRoches, et al., 2013). It is this fact that systems such as the EHR, Electronic Health Records have been designed. Records systems are made in such a manner that they facilitate easy keeping and usage of information for the sake of its patients and also for the practitioner's use, (Beasley and Sinsky, 2014). The EHRs are classified into two categories depending on the systems they use. It involves the cloud-based systems and the client server based. The discussion below, therefore, is going to tackle mostly on the cloud-based systems, their advantages, and disadvantages and even on how such systems can be implemented within a medical setting using the SDLC models which are predictive or adaptive. The paper will also give a brief description of the models to understand their usage and enable us to understand the implementation stage of the projects. Overviews look at the cloud-based EHR systems The cloud-based EHRs are a technical method of keeping and utilization of the health records using the cloud technology. This is to mean that information pertaining the patient is in-house in the cloud, at a shared location rather than a personal drive or even a disk. Moreover, all the information is stored majorly on an online network. Hence to mean that information can be used at any place by any device, either a MacBook, a tablet or even a smartphone so long as there is an internet source, (Ventola, pp. 356-364, 2014). Unlike the client's servers which store data in-house, within the servers hence requiring a server, hardware, and software installed at a physician's place of work. Hence making the cloud-based EHRs have the upper hand regarding service delivery and efficiency. The cloud-based EHR systems have many advantages as compared to other systems of electronic record keeping. Therefore using the factors of usability, reliability, performance and security, below is an exclusive discussion as to why the cloud-based systems should be adopted in medical institutions. The cloud-based systems are easily accessible. Since its systems are just available within the cloud platform, one can easily access the systems from a different location using a different device, (Ventola, pp. 356-364, 2014). Therefore to mean that the practitioner does not have to be in his office's computer so as to access information about a patient. The system has enabled the practitioners to practice medicine out of office hence being instrumental in emergency situations out of the medical facilities. The fact has been promoted since the practitioners can as well easily find information from the palm of their smartphones, tablets, MacBook or any other computer gadget that can access t he internet. Hence the systems have helped a lot in the field of medicine. The cloud-based EHR systems are very secure as compared to the client-server systems. Unlike the server systems, which are easy to manipulate and vulnerable to downtime as a result of human mistake or glitches, the cloud-based systems encrypt its data hence deterring people with malicious intent from accessing it, (Sultan, pp.177-184, 2014). The encryption of its data is such that even if the data is stolen, of which its chances are very low, it cannot be used. Moreover, the data is deposited off-site data hubs that have the very tight security level. Hence the systems provide security which is vital in the field of medicine. The cloud-based systems are less expensive as compared to the server based systems. The cloud system just like any other system needs resources to ensure its smooth running. However as compared to other systems of electronic records keeping, the cloud-based systems of EHR are more cost efficient. Unlike the other system which is server based, the cloud-based system only requires funding regarding internet connections or of a practitioner's monthly subscriptions. On the other hand, however, one needs almost $40000 to install the server system, this is exclusive of the maintenance costs, the regular updates and the licensing fees. As compared to the server system the cloud-based EHR, are pocket-friendly, especially to a growing medical institution. Hence the cloud-based system is more recommended; the cloud-based systems provides privacy. The client's information managed and stored in the cloud-based system provides privacy regulations as the traditional health records systems, (Rodrig ues et al., 2013). The privacy regulations is a tradition of the medical institutions, patients' information is kept a discreet between the institution's practitioner and the patient, (Rodrigues et al., 2013). By using the cloud-based EHR system, information is simply stored in the cloud network hence institutions have no worry of storing such discreet information on their servers. The cloud-based system allows the practitioners have a control on who should view a patient's information. This has helped to maintain the confidence of the clients hence promoting the services of the institution. Similarly, the cloud-based systems require less IT expertise to operate hence easy to operate. Unlike the other systems that need servers and other complicated IT resources to operate, the cloud-based systems are easy to operate, (Rodrigues et al., 2013). They require the only internet connection and a computer. This means that even any authorized medical practitioner can access patient information without the need of involving the member of the IT staff. Hence helps to save on not only expenses but also time, which an important factor when someone's life is at stake in the medical line of work. Just like anything that has an advantage, the cloud-based system has its demerits as well. Below is a discussion of such disadvantages of the cloud-based HER Systems. The cloud-based EHR system cannot be used in remote rural areas where there is minimal or no internet connection, (Seymour, et al., 2015). Since the system majorly relies on internet connection so as to gain access to the patient's information. Therefore, making the system not applicable to rural medical facilities. The challenge has made the practitioners incur a lot of inconveniences simply because of lack of internet connection, (AbuKhousa, et al., pp. 621-645, 2012). Besides, the system becomes expensive regarding internet connections. The cloud-based EHR systems require internet so as to operate; this makes the system quite expensive especially when is installed within a rural setting. Similarly, the cloud-based system holds captive a client. The system is such that information about the client is entrusted within the host of the platform, (Middleton et al., 2013). It, therefore, entails that the details of the client are at the mercy of the host program. Hence, to mean that in case the system fails, the clients' information is at risk of manipulation, by anyone who has a malicious motive. The SDLC approach in project implementation. The SDLC, Systems Development Life Cycle model, which is a model of project management to view such a project by the government or any institution, is a very important model in the formulation of projects (Bassil, 2012). When using the model, the project is seen from its initial proposal stage to its disposition stage hence the name of the model "life cycle." The model is based on two principles; one being the aspect of adaptability and predictability, where the process through which the plan is made is because of a failed system in this case the traditional paper filing system, (King, et al., pp. 392-404, 2014). The predictive approach assumes that the project can be planned out in advance however the adaptive approach is more flexible since it assumes that the project cannot be planned. Both approaches are very mandatory in ensuring the success of a project. Pros and cons of the predictive approach in the EHRs project development. The system is simple to understand and use simply because phases are processed and finished one after the other hence reducing confusion while undertaking critical project for instance the one involving health records. Moreover, the project is very efficient for smaller projects and is very easy to arrange and allocate duties hence offers good management. All such are because of good planning that has to be done before the project resumes. However, the approach ignores the risk of uncertainty since it cannot tolerate changing requirements within the project. Additionally, the approach makes it difficult to measure progress within the stages of planning. Another disadvantage is that the project does not give room for revision or reflection on the already accomplished percentage of the project. All the mentioned challenges and advantages of the approach are due to the fact that the approach requires lots of planning for implementation to occur. As such, consideration such an approach s hould be properly analyzed before it is implemented. The adaptive approach is also another common approach in ensuring the success to any project. The approach promotes teamwork and enhances training among the participants of the project. Moreover, the approach is very pocket friendly since it requires minimum resources. Similarly, the approach is very liberal in terms of giving the project to the developers therefore allowing them to be flexible. Most importantly, the approach requires less of planning so as the idea can be implemented. On the other hand, the approach promotes dependency on individuals therefore an agile; motive and project manager is necessary or else the project will fail. Similarly, the approach does not allow for transfer of new technology to a new team since it lacks proper documentation to facilitate such. The approach also exposes the project to more risk regarding sustainability of the project due since documentation is an issue. Therefore, such hindrances should be considered when one wants to apply such an a pproach for as a project as serious as that of EHRs. Recommendation. After an analytic look at the project of installing such a system within a medical facility, the project is of much importance as compared to any other form of electronic medical record-keeping platform, (Shea et al., pp. 119, 2014). Therefore, it should be easily adapted since it provides an alternative form of keeping records more securely, more effectively and is also easily available. However, the challenges of such a project should not be overlooked. If only the challenge of the systems requiring internet connectivity could be sorted especially within the rural settings, the project could be easily used within the vicinity of many of the medical facilities which are in the aim of providing adequate and quality services to its patients. To sum up, the cloud-based EHR is of much use if used carefully within the spheres of medical practice. The system acts as a reminder of the changing times and acts as a challenge regarding looking at how it can be properly implemented. References AbuKhousa, E., Mohamed, N., Al-Jaroodi, J. (2012). E-Health cloud: opportunities and challenges. Future Internet, 4(3), 621-645. Bassil, Y. (2012). A simulation model for the waterfall software development life cycle. ArXiv preprint arXiv: 1205.6904.ss Beasley, J. W., Sinsky, C. A. (2014). Electronic health records. Annals of internal medicine, 161(9), 680. DesRoches, C. M., Charles, D., Furukawa, M. F., Joshi, M. S., Kralovec, P., Mostashari, F. ... Jha, A. K. (2013). Adoption of electronic health records grows rapidly, but fewer than half of US hospitals had at least a basic system in 2012. Health Affairs, 10-1377. King, J., Patel, V., Jamoom, E. W., Furukawa, M. F. (2014). Clinical benefits of electronic health record use: national findings. Health services research, 49(1pt2), and 392-404. Middleton, B., Bloomrosen, M., Dente, M. A., Hashmat, B., Koppel, R., Overhage, J. M. ... Zhang, J. (2013). Enhancing patient safety and quality of care by improving the usability of electronic health record systems: recommendations from AMIA. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 20(e1), e2-e8. Nguyen, L., Bellucci, E., Nguyen, L. T. (2014). Electronic health records implementation: an evaluation of information system impact and contingency factors. International journal of medical informatics, 83(11), 779-796. Rodrigues, J. J., de la Torre, I., Fernndez, G., Lpez-Coronado, M. (2013). Analysis of the security and privacy requirements of cloud-based electronic health records systems. Journal of medical Internet research, 15(8), e186. Seymour, C. W., Liu, V., Iwashyna, T. J., Kahn, J. M., Angus, D. C. (2015). Epidemiology of Infection among Hospitalized Patients Using Electronic Health Records in Three Independent Cohorts. In C23. SEPSIS: RISK, RECOGNITION, AND RESUSCITATION (pp. A3991-A3991). American Thoracic Society. Shea, C. M., Reiter, K. L., Weaver, M. A., McIntyre, M., Mose, J., Thornhill, J. ... Weiner, B. J. (2014). Stage 1 of the meaningful use incentive program for electronic health records: a study of readiness for change in ambulatory practice settings in one integrated delivery system. BMC medical informatics and decision making, 14(1), 119. Sultan, N. (2014). Making use of cloud computing for healthcare provision: Opportunities and challenges. International Journal of Information Management, 34(2), 177-184. Ventola, C. L. (2014). Mobile devices and apps for health care professionals: uses and benefits. PT, 39(5), 356-364.

Economics for Business Gas Retailers

Question: Discuss about the Economics for Business for Gas Retailers. Answer: Introduction The gas supply industry in Australia mainly consists of the gas retailers who purchase as well as sell the gas. The gas supply industry also consists of the distributors of the gas. Gas distributor mainly operates in the distribution network and they distribute the gas to the end-users. The operations of the retailers and the distributors have been increasingly disaggregated with the help of the successive privatization schemes. Along with the strong demand in the gas industry, the supply of the gas industry is also increasing at a rapid manner (Cochran 2015). As per the reports, the export of gas in Australia has increased over 60 million tones. The gas supply in Qatar and Malaysia is also liable to be overtaken by the Australian gas supply industry. The gas supply industry is becoming more disjointed with the increase in the number of the importing and exporting countries. The consequence for Australia is a more miscellaneous and more unstable market. The gas supply industry in Australia operates in the monopoly market structure that leads to large transportation of the pipeline as well as the distribution companies (Vickas et al. 2015). Through the gas distribution main, the gas supply industry distributes the natural gas to the customers. The firms in turn distribute the contrived town gas or the LPG that is the liquefied petroleum gas. The participants in the industry also retail the gas to both the trade and the customers. The gas supply industry in Australia mainly faces the monopoly competition in the market. The main reason is that a single supplier mainly distributes the gas that in turn leads to the monopoly competition. The suppliers are the price makers in this case (ZENG and CHEN 2015). Under the monopoly market structure, the gas suppliers will generally charge the prices, which will be in excess of the production costs. This will help the company to generate higher profits. The output of the gas supply industry will become substantially smaller as the prices under the monopoly market structure will be comparatively higher. The demand for the gas will be inversely related to the price (Williams 2016). The gas supply industry in Australia is mainly undergoing a noteworthy structural change. The profitable and the industrial businesses, which are gradually competing against exporters for gas, are finding it hard to bargain supply contracts. The supply contracts are on the other hand set at a privileged price. The households are also, on the other hand paying more for gas than they should and as a result, the gas supply industries are enjoying the monopoly competition. Australia has become a home to the largest gas deposits in the world. Australia has become a biggest exporter as it involves an investment of around $200 billion in liquefaction as well as the distribution facilities. As per the reports, the suppliers have taken the advantage of the uncertainty in the supply and the potential shortfalls in order to raise the prices. A gas retailer needs to continue to supply gas to the customers in all exceptional situations. The three largest energy companies in Australia are the AGL Energy Limited, Origin Energy Limited and Energy Australia Holdings that mainly dominates the eastern seaboard. It also provides the customers with the bundled gas and the electricity packages (Dibden 2012). The gas supply industries are mainly characterized by the higher prices as well as shorter duration. These in turn are likely to decrease industry margin. This in turn will increase the wholesale price of gas and lead to the increased household bills. The future supply viewpoint thus becomes uncertain. The gas supplies are considered competitive and as a result, the distributions of the gas supply remain strongly regulated. The pipeline and the conduction firm at the wellhead, in turn buy the gas for delivery (Abbott 2016). In the gas supply industry in Australia, the pipeline operators have a persistent market power. As a result, the pipeline operators are not effectively restraint by the competitive forces, which includes the current regulatory structure. The pipeline operators are also engaged in the monopoly pricing and as a result, they obtain the return that is comparatively higher as compared to the competitive market (Miravete et al. 2014). This in turn gives rise to a privileged delivered prices of gas and is known to give rise to an unfavorable economic effect. The information irregularity limits the ability of the shippers in order to identify the exercise of the market power. As per the reports, the state gas suppliers as well as the pipeline operators abuses the monopoly pricing in order to measure the higher prices out of the domestics consumers (Saaskilahti 2015). It has been recommended by the ACCC not to put in place a domestic reservation policy as it acts as a discouragement to investment. The ACCC also advises a new test in the regulations of the pipeline of the gas in order to put off the exercise of monopoly. Conclusion The gas supply industry in Australia mainly faces the monopoly competition in the market. The main reason is that a single supplier mainly distributes the gas. It has been concluded that the pipeline operators are also engaged in the monopoly pricing and as a result, they obtain the return that is comparatively higher as compared to the competitive market. As a result, the information irregularity limits the ability of the shippers in order to identify the exercise of the market power. References Abbott, M., 2016.The Economics of the Gas Supply Industry. Routledge. Cochran, M., 2015. Conventional and alternative transport fuels in Australia.Energy News,33(4), p.4. Dibden, J., 2012. Proponent: AGL Energy Limited Local Government Area: Bogan Shire Council. Miravete, E.J., Seim, K. and Thurk, J., 2014. Complexity, efficiency, and fairness of multi-product monopoly pricing. Sskilahti, P., 2015. Monopoly pricing of social goods.International Journal of the Economics of Business,22(3), pp.429-448. Vickas, M., Mcmanus, P. and Dey, C., 2015. From the Seam to the Stove: greenhouse gas assessment and the coal seam gas industry in Australia.Australian Geographer,46(1), pp.73-90. Williams, J., 2016. Economic insights on market structure and competition.Addiction. ZENG, F.H. and CHEN, J.J., 2015. Literature Review and Comment of Technical Monopoly Competition.Accounting and Finance,1, p.017.

20 Quotes About How to Give and Get Respect

20 Quotes About How to Give and Get Respect How often have you heard employees complaining about the lack of respect in the workplace? According to  an  HBR  survey  conducted by Christine Porath, associate professor at Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business,  and  Tony Schwartz, founder of  The Energy Project, business leaders need to demonstrate respect to their employees if they want better commitment and engagement in the workplace. The survey results, as quoted in  HBR in the November 2014  states: Those that get respect from their leaders reported 56% better health and well-being, 1.72 times more trust and safety, 89% greater enjoyment and satisfaction with their jobs, 92% greater focus and prioritization, and 1.26 times more meaning and significance. Those that feel respected by their leaders were also 1.1 times more likely to stay with their organizations than those that didn’t. Building Employee Value Every employee needs to feel valued. That is at the core of every human interaction. It does not matter what rank, or office the person holds. It does not matter how important is the employees role in the organization. Each individual needs to feel respected and valued. Managers who recognize and empathize with this basic human need will become great business leaders. Tom Peters The simple act of paying positive attention to people has a great deal to do with productivity. Frank Barron Never take a persons dignity: it is worth everything to them, and nothing to you. Stephen R. Covey Always treat your employees exactly as you want them to treat your best customers. Cary Grant Probably no greater honor can come to any man than the respect of his colleagues. Rana Junaid Mustafa Gohar It is not grey hair that makes one respectable but character. Ayn Rand If one doesnt respect oneself one can have neither love nor respect for others. R. G. Risch Respect is a two-way street, if you want to get it, youve got to give it. Albert Einstein I speak to everyone in the same way, whether he is the garbage man or the president of the university. Alfred Nobel It is not sufficient to be worthy of respect in order to be respected.   Julia Cameron In limits, there is freedom. Creativity thrives within structure. Creating safe havens where our children are allowed to dream, play, make a mess and, yes, clean it up, we teach them respect for themselves and others. Criss Jami When I look at a person, I see a person - not a rank, not a class, not a title. Mark Clement Leaders who win the respect of others are the ones who deliver more than they promise, not the ones who promise more than they can deliver. Muhammad Tariq Majeed Respect at the cost of others is disrespect in effect. Ralph Waldo Emerson Men are respectable only as they respect. Cesar Chavez Preservation of ones own culture does not require contempt or disrespect for other cultures. Shannon L. Alder A true gentleman is one that apologizes anyways, even though he has not offended a lady intentionally. He is in a class all of his own because he knows the value of a womans heart. Carlos Wallace From the moment I could even understand what respect was I knew it was not a choice but the only option. Robert Schuller As we grow as unique persons, we learn to respect the uniqueness of others. John Hume Difference is of the essence of humanity. Difference is an accident of birth and it should therefore never be the source of hatred or conflict. The answer to difference is to respect it. Therein lies a most fundamental principle of peace - respect for diversity. John Wooden Respect a man, and he will do all the more. How Management Can Convey Respect to Employees The culture of respect should be religiously adhered to by every person in the organization. It has to percolate from the higher management to the last person down the structure. Respect has to be proactively demonstrated, in letter and spirit. Various forms of communication and engaging social interactions can build an environment of respect for employees. One business manager used an innovative idea to make his team feel valued. He would send out a message on their group chat every week or two on what his targets and achievements were for the week. He would also welcome suggestions and feedback on the same. This made his team sense a greater level of responsibility towards their  work and would feel that their contribution had a direct bearing  on  their employers success. Another employer of a mid-size business organization would invest an hour of the day meeting up with each employee personally over lunch. In doing so, the business manager not just learned important aspects of his own organization, but he also communicated his trust and respect to each employee.

Butterbox Babies essays

Butterbox Babies essays Lovely Babies For Adoption is what the advertisement for the Ideal Maternity Home and Sanitarium versed to many couples unable to bear children beginning in the late 1920's. Although the ad held true as to the children, the operation of this business was far from lovely. Originally designed as a sanitarium for the sick, the hospital soon became a birthing facility. Operating without any supervision, the facility was a place of joy for couples adopting an infant, but a place of shame and despair for unwed mothers. Lila Gladys Coolen met and married William Peach Young in 1925. William was an unordained seventh-day Adventist minister and Lila, also of the same faith, was a teacher in Fox Point, Nova Scotia. After being married, the couple left Nova Scotia to return to school in Chicago. William attended the National College of Chiropractic, while Lila pursued a degree at the National School of Obstetrics and Midwifery. In February of 1928, the Youngs opened The Life and Health Sanitarium out of their four bedroom cottage. Lila began delivering babies and within a year, the facility had been renamed The Ideal Maternity Home and Sanitarium and its sole purpose became a birthing facility and adoption center for unwed mothers. During this time, Canadian and US laws were similar in banning the use of birth control or the performance of abortions. This left many women banished and shamed from their homes and communities because of illegitiment pregnancies. With the creation of this facility, many unwed mothers saw an opportunity to keep their secret from society. A newspaper advertisement placed by the Youngs, was carefully written and geared to lure women in. It read: Dame gossip has sent many young lives to perdition after ruining them socially, that might have been BRIGHT STARS in society and a POWER in the world of ...

Covering the measurement and calculation of Real GDP Assignment

Covering the measurement and calculation of Real GDP - Assignment Example The goods as well as the services produced in a certain country and brought to the market have some price. Some experts regard GDP as the price of the total output. The GDP can be calculated in the following ways. Cumulative figure of all income within an economy or the total spending made by all the participating agents within the same economy is referred to as GDP. Both the spending and the income will roughly be the same. It should be kept in king that Gross Domestic product and Gross National product is not the same thing. The market value of the goods as well as services produced within a particular time period by the residents of a particular country is regarded as the GNP. It allocates the production based on the ownership. Three approaches can be used in order to determine the GDP. They are- the income approach, the expenditure approach and the product approach. The product also called as the output approach sums the total produced within the economy in order to attain the va lue of GDP. The expenditure approach assumes that the products produced must be bought by someone and so the total value of the product must be matched by the total expenditure of the people in purchasing things. The last approach takes into consideration that the value of the products must be equal to the incomes of the factors of production. It determines the value of GDP by calculating the sum of the income of the producers. The expenditure method: Where, C= Consumption, I=investment, G=government expenditure, X=exports, M=imports. The reciprocal circulation of income between the producers as well as the consumers is referred as the circular flow of income. From the circular flow of income the following equation is derived: Leakages=Injections (Tucker, 2010, p.429). i.e. S+T+M=I+G+X where, S= net savings, T=net taxes, M= import expenditure, I=Investment, G=government expenditure, X=export expenditure. It following equation can also be derived from the above: (S-I) + (T-G) = (X-M) . If the value of the left hand side of the equation is negative, then it must have been financed from somewhere. The right hand side of the equation denotes the current account balance. Therefore, (S-I) + (T-G) = (X-M) + foreign savings The production method consists of three stages. In the first step the gross value of the output produced domestically is estimated. The second step involves determination of the value of intermediate consumption while in the third step the value of the intermediate consumption is subtracted from the gross value in order to arrive at the net value. The total of the gross added value in various activities related to the economy is referred to as GDP at factor cost. The sum of the indirect taxes and GDP at factor cost subtracted from subsidies will give GDP at producers’ price. There are two methods to determine the gross output of any sector. The gross output can be determined by multiplying the products of each sector with the respective price s prevailing in the market and add them up. It can also be determined by manipulating data on sales as well as inventories from companies records and again add them up. According to the income approach, GDP is calculated by summing up the incomes that firms are required to pay to the households for providing the production factors namely wages, interest, rents as well as profits.

The battles of Trenton and Princeton altered the course of the Essay

The battles of Trenton and Princeton altered the course of the American Revolution - Essay Example ate the spirit of the debilitated and, thanks to the poor oversight of an inept Continental Congress, nearly-destitute army of disillusioned soldiers in the wake of an initial series of major setbacks and stinging retreats. Conversely the battles of Trenton and Princeton might be said to mark a point in the war when the over-confidence and inscrutable miscalculations of conquering British troops and Hessian mercenaries left their better-equipped ranks susceptible to unexpected Patriot maneuvers and stunned alarm at the remarkable tenacity of the all-but-subjugated revolutionary upstarts. New York had recently fallen, and the Continental army had fled in full retreat across New Jersey, with the superior British forces at their heels (Ellis 96). Frightened citizens, fearful the colonial capital was doomed to fall to the British as well, were fleeing Philadelphia with their families and possessions (Rodney 13). Washington and his men had managed to traverse the Delaware river into Pennsylvania and to prevent the British from following by demolishing every sea-worthy vessel, save those required for the troops, for sixty miles along its banks (McCullough 263). Without the slightest hesitation or apology, two brigades, a full two thousand of Washingtons men, had simply abandoned the fight, their enlistment up (McCullough 256). Inexplicably, rather than go after his clear advantage, the British General Howe opted for wintering down on the opposite side of the Delaware river, establishing outposts in a chain of forts stretching from New York through New Jersey, fully antici pating victory over the hapless insurrection by the following spring (Green and Pole 301). It was December of 1776, and a Hessian brigade led by Colonel Johan von Rall was stationed in Trenton, directly across the Delaware from the Patriot forces. The Hessians typically maintained outposts on round-the-clock watch, and had been alerted by a Loyalist to a possible attack (Ellis 98). The Hessians, who

The Types Of Money Used Today Economics Essay

The Types Of Money Used Today Economics Essay The types of money used today include; Coins, Paper currency, Bank drafts, Money orders, Stocks, Bonds, Treasury bills, Credit cards, ATM cards, Options, Gift certificates, Cheques,Travelers Cheques and many more. Money is converted into two categories, commodity and fiat money. 2.2.1Commodity money What constitutes a commodity? A commodity is generally accepted, without further clarification, as anything that can be bought or sold. This prompts further questioning. What is the communitys present accepted means for buying and selling? The answer is,money. A commodity therefore is a thing to which a money price can be attached and which can therefore be bought or sold with money. If money itself is a commodity, then money is a thing that can be bought or sold with money. The above reasoning not only involves a vicious circular logic of explaining and defining something in terms of itself, but also paves the way for an ascending infinite inflationary spiral (Peter Lock 2008). According to Peter Lock (2008), the definition of a commodity needs to be modified if it is to be consistent and to avoid all circular logic. An economic commodity is any marketable goods or service which has an intrinsic value in itself and whose value can be relatively assessed using an extrinsic suitable stable non-commodity money standard and hence bought and sold. In other words, an economic commodity is any marketable good, other than money, which money itself can buy. Modern money either as bits of plastic or paper, or as numbers in ledgers and computer memories, has no intrinsic value in itself. Its only value is its otherness. It does perform a valuable service in the marketplace by measuring the value of all other goods and services and facilitating their exchange. The mindset of money as a bartering device should not be included in or confused with the mindset for its use as a commodity. Their purposes and functions are self-contradictory, being diametrically opposite. The former exists as a stable extrinsic measure of worth for a community as a whole to use. The latter as an unstable intrinsic measure of marketplace purchasing power for individuals to abuse in their exploitation of the whole global community for their own personal aggrandizement and exercise of usurped power (Peter Lock, 2008). According to Peter Lock (2008), as long as money is treated as a commodity, uncertainty and insecurity must result. It is not a question of throwing the baby out with the bathwater. It is simply a challenge to devise a system whereby the rich well fed haves can keep their fat share of humanitys commonwealth cake and at the same time let the poor hungry have-nots eat a just and reasonable thin slice of it as well. Money as a commodity only exists for the personal profit and increasing wealth and power of the haves: some of the rich get richer, all the poor get poorer. In an economic system where money is self-self functioning in positive feedback as a commodity, the evil treatment meted out to the have-nots who constitute the vast majority of the community becomes more and more inhumane. The term commodity money can be given to the kind of money that is at the same time a commercial commodity. Commodity money has an intrinsic value and that means it is considered to be worth something in its own right rather than simply being a token of financial value such as a banknote. The commodity itself constitutes the money, and the money is the commodity. The best known form of commodity money is gold or silver coins, though any commodity can fulfill this role. The commodity itself; since more is being produced and less being used for non-monetary purposes, the resources devoted to additional production and the benefits forgone must be counted as the price of the system. Examples of commodities that have been used as medium of exchange include gold, silver, copper, salt, peppercorns, large stones, shells, alcohol, barley and cigarettes, just to highlight a few. These items were sometimes used in a metric of perceived value in conjunction to one another, in various commodity v aluation or Price System economies With a commodity money balances is part of the markets for goods and services. Use of commodity money is more the same with barter system. The use of shells or ivory was nearly universal before humans discovered how to work with precious metals; in China, Africa, and many other areas, use of cowrie shells was common. Historically speaking, many different metals have been used as standard money: iron in ancient Sparta, tin in ancient Syracuse and probably also in early Egypt, copper in early Palestine and in early Rome, and brass until recently in many parts of China. In modern times, however, monometallism has been based mostly on the so-called precious metals, silver and gold, with an increasing preponderance of gold since the latter part of the last century. Historically, the strongest and most stable currencies were those backed by gold and silver. It was this gold/silver backing that gave the currency its intrinsic value. In most cases, a countrys currency was actually gold or silver coins. Gold and silver have always been a universal form of money and measure of wealth providing stability in an otherwise unstable world (Tony DiCicco, 2002). A commodity money can give rise to a large amount of price instability if either there are large changes in the supply of the commodity or if there are large changes in the non-monetary use of the commodity. An example of a commodity money that gave rise to price fluctuations is the cigarette currency used in POW camps in the Second World War. The price of goods in terms of cigarettes depended on the relative availability of cigarettes and goods. If no cigarettes were received in the camp for some time, the supply of them would diminish (because prisoners would use them as commodities: they would smoke them) and their value would rise. A rise in the value of cigarettes meant that cigarettes bought more, or that prices fell. When a shipment of cigarettes would arrive, their increased availability would cause their value to drop, which meant prices would rise. Its stated that the erratic delivery of cigarettes and the resulting waves of inflation and deflation were a major problem in t he mini-economy of the POW (camphttp://ingrimayne.com/econ/Money/Commodities.html). Colonists often resorted to the use of commodity money, where a colonys principal commodity would circulate as a medium of exchange. The Massachusetts Bay Colony used corn and beaver skins as its medium of exchange. In the Southern colonies, it was tobacco and rice; and throughout most of the colonies, animal skins, corn, powder and gun shot, and livestock were often used. Since the market value of commodity money was determined by supply and demand, its value as money often decreased when there was an over supply in the marketplace. In addition, commodity money lacked uniform quality, and was prone to spoilage, difficult to transport, and costly to store (http://www.bos.frb.org/education/pubs/historyo.pdf ). pictures below shows examples of commodity money that where used: Gold Silver Shells Barley 2.2.2Fiat money The currency we all use today is legal tender for taxes and debts. It has no intrinsic value, it is not convertible and it is not tyrannically imposed on all transactions. This money fiat money was born in Massachusetts in 1690. Historians have claimed that it was a simple wartime substitution of fiat money for specie, as has happened many times since then, but this view is anachronistic. Later governments learned from Massachusetts that fiat money is a good wartime emergency, but for Massachusetts this was not an obvious idea (Dror Goldberg). Dror Goldberg mentions that Massachusetts had to issue money to pacify mutinous troops who returned defeated from war. However, formally issuing money, and backing it with land (as was then standard), would have been fatal for the long-run independence of the colony. Massachusetts had lost its charter in 1684, partly because it minted its own coins (a violation of the royal coinage prerogative). Moreover, all the colonys land was temporarily considered to be the kings land from 1687-1691. In 1690, when Massachusetts had to issue money, its agents were lobbying for a new charter in London. It could not afford to upset the king by violating his coinage prerogative again and backing money with his land. The solution was to issue IOUs, as any English subject was allowed to do, not back it with land, and not force it on trade. Like any IOU issuer the colony could offset its credits with it, namely making it legal tender for taxes. It was also made effectively legal tender for debts in an elaborate, dishonest way. The outcome was fiat money (Dror Goldberg). The Massachusetts Bay Colony issued in 1776. The evolution of commodity money into paper in America Paper money first appeared in America in in the late 17th century. In 1690, the government of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, in an effort to increase government spending while avoiding the unpopular act of raising taxes, began printing paper money to pay for its expenses. To convince the Massachusetts Bay colonists to accept the paper as payment, the government promised to redeem the paper in gold and silver coin collected in taxes at a later date. It also promised to never print paper money again. While both promises were quickly broken by the government, is is interesting to see that, again, what caused people to begin accepting paper money as payment for goods and services, is the understanding that the money could ultimately be redeemed for tangible wealth in the form of the commodity money in use at the time (Chris Lind). The pictures below is an example of fiat money: Federal Reserve Note 1941 Federal Reserve Note 1950 The evolution of commodity money into paper in China Paper money first arose in China around 800 AD during the Tang Dynasty. Prior to the existence of paper money, a merchant selling his goods in the city of Szechuan, risked loss by theft as he transported his commodity money and unsold goods back to his home city. As a way of earning revenue, the Chinese government, in posession of fortified strongholds in each city to store tax revenues, offered the following service. For a fee, a merchant could deposit their gold and silver coin with the government in city A. In exchange the merchant received a paper receipt for the gold deposited. When the merchant arrived back home at city B, he could go to the treasury of that city to redeem his paper reciept for the commodity money in use. Over time, as people learned that the commodity represented by the paper would actually be there, merchants began buying and selling with the paper receipts themselves (Chris Lind). Kuan note is the oldest known banknote in the world (Mike Hewitt) However, its use was very short-lived, by 1455, after over 600 years, the Chinese abandoned paper money due to numerous problems of over issuance and hyperinflation. The term fiat money can be given to money that comprises things with a special legal qualification and the money used today is fiat money.Fiat means let it be done or by order of authority. Fiat money basically means that the currency has no intrinsic value (nor can it be redeemed for precious metals or something of intrinsic value) and the money is based solely on faith. Rather, the currency is only backed by the goodwill of the government that issues it. Normally the government is the one that declares legal tender. With fiat money its not real but it represents goods and services that it can buy thus it can be defined as the baskets of goods and services that it represents. For fiat money to be valued, the money supply must be limited and it must be impossible to counterfeit (PÄ ±nar Yesin 2010). Fiat money is created by a narrow cadre of globalist bankers that seek a new World order. Fiat money is created out of thin air. The fiat system is based on debt. We owe and they are owed. With the power they accrue, a plan has been launched to reorganize all aspects of human life. That plan is called Agenda 21 or Sustainable Development. It is a U.N. program, agreed to by 178 nations, that is designed to create a world order where human beings are regarded as biological resources. The evolving system does not recognize unalienable rights (Michael Shaw, 2009). Since fiat money has no direct legal connection to a commodity money there is no real economic cost to its production, the supply of a fiat money can never be self-limiting; and the value of a fiat money is always largely a matter of public confidence in the economic or political stability of the issuer. Historically every major fiat money have self-destructed in what is popularly called hyperinflation caused by either unlimited increases in the supply of that fiat money by the issuer or accelerating loss of public confidence in the continued value of the money or the economic or political fortunes of its issuer or both. Steve Elwart says that today, fiat money will always bring on inflation for two reasons: 1) Politicians like to induce inflation because it gives the people the illusion of prosperity and 2) its declared value is much higher than the cost of producing it. Whether it is a $1 or $100 bill in fiat money, it costs only 4 cents to produce. In todays electronic age, the pr oduction cost for new money is zero since money creation is just a keystroke and an entry in cyber-space. On the other hand, in history, if you had a $20 gold piece, the cost of that gold piece, less the cost to produce it, was about $20 (Steve Elwart). The Barter system was prevalent before the origin of fiat currency. In this system, commodities were exchanged for commodities. For example, if one person need rice and the other one need coconut, the person who has cultivates rice has to search and find out the person having coconut. Only then the exchange will take place. This itself was the serious disadvantage of barter system. For some times the different commodities acted as money and they were named as commodity money. After years of a coin system the paper fiat currency came in to existence. In the coinage, a gold smith acted sometimes as a banker. A government body started to control the printing of all types of moneys. Banks started to deal with money. They accepted savings and gave loans in the form of money. Apart from these transactions, banks started to generate bank money ( Robert Mendez). Modern society again replaced old money with other new forms of money like, demand drafts, credit cards, etc. Now we dont need to keep a liquid form of money with us. All our transactions can be made by using credit cards. We can do all our shopping with these cards. Even if money is used in different forms, the importance of money is still not deteriorated. According to Steve Elwart in his research entitled Commodity Money and Fiat Money: A Bushel of Wheat for a Penny, says that a government puts fiat money into circulation first by connecting it to a gold or silver standard, but then cuts the link and says that gold and paper are no longer convertible, making the piece of paper legal tender for all debts public and private. It is obvious that debtors would be very happy if the pa-per money lost its value because they could pay their debts with inflated currency. In a letter to Edward Carrington in 1788, Thomas Jefferson wrote, Paper is poverty à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it is only the ghost of money, and not money itself. Jefferson died bankrupt because of the early United States money (monetary) pol-icy based on paper. It is not that fiat currency is a new invention. Fiat currency actually made its appearance over 1,000 years ago. China was the first country to issue true paper money around the 10th century A.D. Although the notes were valued at a certain ex-change rate for gold, silver, or silk, conversion was never allowed in practice. The bills were supposed to be redeemed after three years in circulation, but as more bills were printed with the older notes being refused redemption, inflation became evident. Government measures to prop up the currency were unsuccessful and it fell out of favor (Steve Elwart) . Steve continues to say that at this point, people start to feel the pinch of their money buying less. They demand that their government do some-thing. Since studies have shown that voters only have a memory of one year when it comes to politics, politicians will make sure that the economy is good in an election year.6 They will artificially stimulate the economy to give voters the illusion that times are good again and reelect the incumbents. This lasts only so long and inflation, with its problems kick in again. This cycle of increasing the currency supply and price inflation ultimately ends with the collapse of the currency, sometimes preceded by hyperinflation. (Hyperinflation and its cultural effects will be covered in Part 3 of this series.) Surprisingly, the country has not learned its lesson and the devalued fiat currency is replaced with yet another fiat currency. Greece is a perfect example of this cycle (Steve Elwart). Steve Elwart says the Greek drachma was minted in gold and silver in ancient Greece and made its reappearance as a fiat currency in 1841. Since then, the value of the drachma decreased. During the German-Italian occupation of the country from 1941-1944, hyperinflation ravaged the country, ending with the issuance of 100,000,000,000 (100 billion)-drachma notes in 1944. After Greece was liberated from Germany, old drachmae were ex-changed for new ones at the rate of 50,000,000,000 to 1. Only paper money was issued, again a fiat currency. Greece then went on a program of deficit spending for social programs and inflation started once again. In 1953, in an effort to halt inflation, Greece joined the Bretton Woods system and the drachma was revalued at a rate of 1000 old drachma to one new drachma. In 1973 the Bretton Woods System was abolished; over the next 25 years the official exchange rate gradually declined, from 30 drachmas to one U.S. dollar to a ratio of 400:1. On January 1, 2002, the Greek drachma was officially replaced as the circulating currency by the Euro (again a fiat currency). Today, Greece is once again is in trouble. After years of continued deficit spending and the governments easy monetary policy, Greeces financial situation was badly exposed when the global economic downturn struck. Very quickly, the governments creative accounting practices were exposed. The national debt, put at à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬300 billion ($413.6 billion), is bigger than the countrys entire economy, with some estimates placing it at 120 percent of gross domestic product in 2010. The countrys deficit-how much more it spends than it takes in-is 12.7 percent (Steve Elwart). This time though, Greece just cant inflate their way out of the problem. Now that they are on the Euro (in the Euro-zone), they have little control over their monetary policy. All their loans are in Euros and they must pay back the loans in Euros. One way to balance the national books is to implement harsh and unpopular spending cuts. Another way is to default on their debt. This would seriously damage the Euro as other countries look at default as a way out of their financial problems. (In fact, financial experts are predicting the demise of the Euro in as early as five years.8) A third way out is to separate itself from the Euro, go back on the drachma (fiat currency again) and then set an exchange rate of the drachma to the Euro at an artificially high number. The cycle of fiat money would then begin again. As long as a country is on a fiat currency, inflation is sure to follow. Using a fiat currency could well reduce a civilization to work an entire day for a bushel of wheat,(Ste ve Elwart). Failures of Government fiat money History has taught that lodging monopoly power over the nations stock of currency in a purely discretionary central bank, unconstrained by a monetary constitution, is highly dangerous. The money-process is likely to become politicized, with monetary policy becoming subservient to fiscal policy and with monetary authorities exhibiting a bias toward inflation. James A. Dorn mentions that a study of about 30 currencies shows that there has not been a single case of a currency freely manipulated by its government or central bank since 1700 which enjoyed price stability for at least 30 years running. Although the Fed has achieved intermittent price stability since its inception in 1913, its long-run performance has been unsatisfactory, especially when compared to commodity-based standards such as the classical gold standard. The issuance of fiat money by governments is, in truth, a white collar crime; and, as happens when white collar crimes are discovered, a highly visible paper trail le ads directly back to the wrongdoers-in this case, the central banks (Darryl Robert Schoon). In fiat based economies, time is the enemy and 95 years have passed since fiat money was introduced into the US. In America and elsewhere time is passing and the clock is ticking and recently its been sounding more and more like a time bomb (Darryl Robert Schoon) . Comparison between types of money Fiat money is the term for a medium of exchange which is neither a commercial commodity, a consumer, or a producer good, nor title to any such commodity: that is irredeemable paper money. In contrast, commodity money refers to a medium of exchange which is either a commercial commodity or a title thereto. There is no doubt that fiat money is possible. Its theoretical possibility was recognized long ago, and since 1971, when the last remnants of a former international gold (commodity) standard were abolished, all monies, everywhere, have in fact been nothing but irredeemable pieces of paper (Hans-Hermann Hoppe). As asserted by Cary A. Deck, Kevin A. McCabe and David P. Porter ( ),fiat money is a convention that allows individuals to complete trades without relying on the coincidence of wants or diverting valuable commodities to serve as money. In order for individuals to accept intrinsically worthless fiat money in exchange for valuable goods, the agents must believe that the money can be used to complete subsequent purchases of other goods or services. Advantages of Commodity money According to the information about commodities monies on the internet, the reduced value of the money will encourage people to use the item more in its commodity use. For example, if gold serves as money, and its value drops, people will increase their use of gold for jewelry, tableware, and artistic purposes. Their actions will reflect the law of demand: whenever a commodity becomes cheaper, people use more of it. Thus if there is a sudden influx of gold into a country that uses it as money, part of the influx will be diverted to its commodity use, and the effects on the amount of money, and hence on the price level, will be lessened. On the other hand, a sudden decline will also be cushioned, because as the commodity grows more valuable, people will transfer it from its commodity use into a monetary use. If the amount of gold declines and it rises in value, there is an incentive to melt down jewelry, tableware, and artistic objects and use the gold as money. Hence a doubling of gol d may not double the amount of money, and cutting the amount of gold by one half may not cut money by one half (http://ingrimayne.com/econ/Money/Commodities.html ). Another reason for price stability with a commodity money exists when that commodity is used by many other nations. When the price level in any one nation changes, the commodity will flow across borders to where it is most valuable( Robert Schenk, PhD, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1977 ). Disadvantages of Commodity Money When valuable resources are used as money, those resources cannot be used for consumption. Copper used to make pennies cannot be used to make electrical wire. The supply of money is determined by supply of the commodity. The money supply could fluctuate substantially. The discovery of new gold would mean that the supply of money would increase and the price level would rise. There is a lack of stability when a currency depends on being able to find and produce a particular naturally occurring but naturally rare substance. When gold is being used as commodity money it can be a disadvantage since the government cant meaningfully increase the supply of gold over a short period of time, for example the Fed can be able to increase the supply of fiat money in 10 weeks by more than 100%, with gold this cannot be accomplished. . Advantages of Fiat money Is an efficient form of money; since it can be produced costlessly, there is a gain from using it instead of something else that is both costly to produce and has alternative uses (Neil Wallace).Uses relatively little of societys resources. Fiat money has an advantage over commodity money in the senses that the same laws that come up with laws that created the money can also make a decision to replace the money if it ever gets damaged or destruction occurs. Fiat money has more stability as compared that of gold-backed currency in the sense that commodity based currencies are inherently pro-cyclic, increasing volatility in terms of the regular business cycle and come and go recessions. This stability allows investors, capitalists and creditors to make rational, firm decisions based on sound expectations that have little room for uncertainty; and thus make more risky and subjective investments. Studies also shows that during the Great depression, countries that used fiat currency syste m fared more stable and much better off than those dependent on commodity-based currency. As mentioned by Chris Lind, fiat money is generally seen as a convenience or a protectionist system; It is much easier to carry around a piece of paper than 50 pounds of gold or some other commodity. Trustworthiness; the community trusts that the paper receipt or certificate actually represents the tangible good printed on the paper. Fiat money can and still created in arbitrary amounts, and is made more available on a favorable basis to the government and commercial banks. With fiat money the Fed can be able to increase the supply by more than 100% within 10 weeks, the advantage of being able to do that is that the government can manipulate the system to mitigate panics and disasters. Take for example the last fall would have being a bigger mess if gold was the monetary numeraire Disadvantages of Fiat Money The longer a fiat money system exists, the greater the odds of economic collapse. Over time fiat credit money destroys economies because time exacerbates the systemic flaws of credit-based, sic capital, markets (Darryl Robert Schoon). Fiat money is not self limiting, which can make nations which rely on this type of currency extremely vulnerable to hyperinflation. Government controls money supply and it may cause inflation by printing too much money the following example shows how fiat money can really cause inflation the example is taken from a journal by Andrew Digeson White (1933), early in the year 1789 the French nation found itself in deep financial embarrassment: there was a heavy debt and a serious deficit. The vast reforms of that period, though a lasting blessing politically, were a temporary evil financially. There was a general want of confidence in business circles; capital had shown its proverbial timidity by retiring out of sight as far as possible; throughout the land was stagnation. Fiat money becomes worthless when its no longer used that is when the government declares. Fiat money distorts the time value of money and in so doing destroys both money and the economies that use it (Darryl Robert Schoon).